Fragments of a meteorite that fell to Earth a decade ago provide compelling evidence of a lost planet that once roamed our solar system, researchers say. A team from Switzerland, France, and Germany examined diamonds found inside the Almahata Sitta meteorite and concluded they were most likely formed by a proto-planet at least 4.55 billion years ago. The diamonds in the meteorite, which crashed in Sudan's Nubian Desert in 2008, have tiny crystals inside them that would have required great pressure to form, said one of the study's co-authors, Philippe Gillet. "We demonstrate that these large diamonds cannot be the result of a shock but rather of growth that has taken place within a planet," he tells the AP.
Gillet, a planetary scientist at the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, says researchers calculated a pressure of 200,000 bar (2.9 million psi) would be needed to form such diamonds, suggesting the mystery planet was as least as big as Mercury, possibly even Mars. Scientists have long theorized that the early solar system once contained many more planets—some of which were likely little more than a mass of molten magma. One of these embryo planets—dubbed Theia—is believed to have slammed into a young Earth, ejecting a large amount of debris that later formed the moon. "What we're claiming here," said Gillet, "is that we have in our hands a remnant of this first generation of planets that are missing today because they were destroyed or incorporated in a bigger planet."
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